\documentclass{ws-procs9x6-cpt25}
\begin{document}

\newcommand{\refeq}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
\def\etal {{\it et al.}}
%any other macros go here 

\title{For proceedings contributors:\\
Using World Scientific's WS-procs9X6\\
document class in \LaTeX2e}

\author{A.B.\ Author,$^1$ C.D.\ Author,$^{1,2}$, and E.F.\ Author$^2$}

\address{$^1$University Department, University Name,\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country}

\address{$^2$Group, Laboratory,\\
City, State ZIP/Zone, Country}

\author{On behalf of the LLG Collaboration}


\begin{abstract}
This article explains how to use World Scientific's ws-procs9x6
document class written in \LaTeX2e. This article was typeset using
ws-procs9x6-cpt25.cls and may be used as a template for your contribution.
Your abstract goes here,
and it should consist of one paragraph giving a concise summary 
of the material in your article.  
Replace the title, authors, and addresses 
within the curly brackets with your own title, authors, and addresses. 
For these headings,
please follow the capitalizations, spacings, and punctuation 
used in the sample latex file.
Do not use footnotes in the abstract or the title. 
The acknowledgments for funding bodies, etc., are to be placed 
in a separate section at the end of the text. 
\end{abstract}

\bodymatter

\section{Files}
You should have four files:

\begin{enumerate}

\item {\em ws-cpt25.tex} --- the main latex file,
containing the instructions for contributors and sample text.
To prepare your Proceedings contribution,
you can delete the sample text and replace it with your own material. 
However, we recommend that you keep an 
initial version of the file for reference.  

\item {\em ws-procs9x6-cpt25.cls} --- the class file that provides the higher
level latex commands for these Proceedings. Don't change these parameters.

\item{\em ws-procs-fig1.eps} --- a sample eps figure file.

\item {\em ws-cpt25.pdf} --- a pdf output of the above.

\end{enumerate}

These files will work with standard \LaTeX2e.  
Note that the final pagination of the volume 
will be implemented after you submit the paper.


\section{Using other packages}\label{aba:sec1}
The class file loads the packages {\tt amsfonts, amsmath, amssymb,
chapterbib, natbib, graphicx, rotating}, and {\tt url} at
startup. Please try to limit your use of additional packages as they
often introduce incompatibilities. If you do need additional packages,
send them along with the paper. In general, please use standard
\LaTeX{} commands as much as possible.

\section{Layout}
To facilitate our processing of your article, please give
easily identifiable structure to the various parts of the text by
making use of the usual \LaTeX{} commands or by using your own commands
defined in the preamble, rather than by \hbox{using} explicit layout
commands, 
such as \verb|\\, \hspace, \vspace, \large, \centering|,
etc. Also, do not redefine the page-layout parameters. For more
information on layout and font specifications, please refer to our
\verb|Layout and| \verb|Font Specification Guide|.

\section{User defined macros}
User defined macros should be placed where indicated
in the preamble of the article,
and not at any other place in the document. 
Please do not use large macro packages and definitions.
Please do not change the existing environments,
commands, and other standard parts of \LaTeX.

\section{Sectional units}
Sectional units are obtained with the \LaTeX{} commands 
\verb|\section|, \verb|\subsection|,
and \verb|\subsubsection|.
Each section header should have the first letter of the first word
capitalized but otherwise be capitalized as in standard text,
but ending without a period. 
Please limit the length of section headers to one line.
All sections except the Acknowledgments 
should be numbered.
If you don't use section headings,
please add the command \verb|\phantom{}\vskip10pt\noindent|
immediately before the body of your main text
following the abstract
to obtain correct spacing and avoid an initial paragraph indent, 
and also note that the Acknowledgments 
should still be a separate unnumbered section. 

\section{Comments on text usage}

In the body of your text, please adopt the following standard
usages in these Proceedings:
(1) the transformation CPT is in Roman letters, not italic,
(2) spacetime is one word,
(3) General Relativity (GR), 
Standard Model (SM),
and Standard-Model Extension (SME) are capitalized,
(4) e.g., i.e., etc., appear with periods and commas as shown,
e.g., here.

\section{Mathematical formulas}

Please note that equations are part of the text
even when displayed,
so they should be punctuated accordingly.
They should be typset to avoid overflow outside the text area
and should appear in the latex file
without blank lines before or after them.

\paragraph{Inline:}
For in-line formulas use \verb|$ ... $|. Avoid
built-up constructions, for example fractions and matrices, in
in-line formulas. 
Fractions in inline formulas can be typed with a solidus, e.g., \verb|(x+y)/z=0|.

\paragraph{Display:}
For numbered display formulas, use the displaymath
environment:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
...
\label{aba:eqno}
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}

All displayed equations should be numbered.
For example, the input for:

\begin{equation}
\mu(n,t) =
\frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1}1 (d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0}1 (N(\sigma)=n)d\sigma}.
\label{aba:eq1}
\end{equation}

\noindent is:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
\mu(n,t) =
\frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1}1 (d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0}1 (N(\sigma)=n)d\sigma}.
\label{aba:eq1}
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}

For displayed multiline formulas, use the \verb|eqnarray| environment. For example,

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{eqnarray}
\zeta\mapsto\hat{\zeta}&=&a\zeta+b\eta\label{aba:appeq2}
\nonumber \\
\eta\mapsto\hat{\eta}&=&c\zeta+d\eta\label{aba:appeq3}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent produces:
\begin{eqnarray}
\zeta\mapsto\hat{\zeta}&=&a\zeta+b\eta\label{aba:appeq2}
\nonumber\\
\eta\mapsto\hat{\eta}&=&c\zeta+d\eta\label{aba:appeq3}
\end{eqnarray}

Superscripts and subscripts that are words or abbreviations, as in
\(\sigma_{\mathrm{low}}\), should be typed as roman letters, with
\verb|\(\sigma_{\mathrm{low}}\)| instead of \(\sigma_{low}\) done
with \verb|\(\sigma_{low}\)|.

For geometric functions, e.g.,
exp, sin, cos, tan, etc., please use the macros
\verb|\sin, \cos, \tan|. These macros give proper spacing in mathematical formulas.

\section{Tables and figures}

Put tables and figures in text using the table and figure environments,
and position them near the first reference of the table or figure in
the text. Please use only short captions in figures and tables.
Please avoid large tables and figures insofar as possible.

\subsection{Tables}

The following commands produce Table 1:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{table}
\tbl{Comparison of acoustic for frequencies for piston-cylinder problem.}
{\begin{tabular}{@{}cccc@{}}\toprule
Piston mass & Analytical frequency & TRIA6-$S_1$ model & ...\\
& (Rad/s) & (Rad/s) \\\colrule
1.0\hphantom{00}&\hphantom{0}281.0&\hphantom{0}280.81&0.07 \\
0.1\hphantom{00}&\hphantom{0}876.0&\hphantom{0}875.74&0.03 \\
0.01\hphantom{0}&2441.0&2441.0\hphantom{0}&0.0\hphantom{0} \\
0.001 & 4130.0 & 4129.3\hphantom{0}& 0.16\\\botrule
\end{tabular}}
\begin{tabnote}
$^{\text a}$ Sample table footnote.\\
\end{tabnote}\label{aba:tbl1}
\end{table}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{table}
\tbl{Acoustic frequencies for piston-cylinder problem.}
{\begin{tabular}{@{}cccc@{}}\toprule
Piston mass & Analytical frequency & TRIA6-$S_1$ model & \% Error$^{\text a}$ \\
& (Rad/s) & (Rad/s) \\
\colrule
1.0\hphantom{00} & \hphantom{0}281.0 & \hphantom{0}280.81 & 0.07 \\
0.1\hphantom{00} & \hphantom{0}876.0 & \hphantom{0}875.74 & 0.03 \\
0.01\hphantom{0} & 2441.0 & 2441.0\hphantom{0} & 0.0\hphantom{0} \\
0.001 & 4130.0 & 4129.3\hphantom{0} & 0.16\\
\botrule
\end{tabular}
}
\label{aba:tbl1}
\end{table}

Please put the table caption above the table.
By using the \verb|\tbl| command in table environment, long captions will be justified to the table width while the short or single line captions are centered.

Tables should have a uniform style. It does not matter how you place the
inner lines of the table, but we would prefer the border lines to be
of the style as shown in our sample table.
Please keep the inner lines of the table to a minimum.

For most tables, the horizontal rules are obtained by:

\begin{tabular}{ll}
{\bf toprule} & one rule at the top\\
{\bf colrule}& one rule separating column heads from\\ & data cells\\
{\bf botrule}& one bottom rule\\
{\bf Hline} & one thick rule at the top and bottom of\\ & the tables with multiple column heads\\
\end{tabular}

To avoid the rules sticking out at either end
of the table, add \verb|@{}| before the first and after the last descriptors, e.g.
{@{}llll@{}}. Please avoid vertical rules in tables.

Headings which span more than one column should be set using
\verb|\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}| where \verb|#1| is the number of
columns to be spanned, \verb|#2| is the argument for the alignment
of the column head (which in general may be either 
{c} for center alignment, 
{l} for left alignment,
or {r} for right alignment; 
but please use {c} for column heads 
as this is the WS style), 
and \verb|#3| is the heading.


\subsection{Figures}
All images should be in Encapsulated PostScript (.eps) format.
Other graphics formats are unsuitable.
Even if we can read such files, there is no guarantee
that they will look the same on our systems as on yours.

Color figures cannot be reproduced in these Proceedings,
and we have found that color figures fail to display 
properly when reproduced directly in grayscale format.
Please prepare all figures in black and white or grayscale.
Please prepare the figures in high resolution (at least 300 dpi) 
for half-tone illustrations or images. 
Half-tone pictures must be sharp enough for reproduction. 
Please ensure that all labels in the figures are legible.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=4in]{ws-procs-fig1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The bifurcating response curves of system
$\alpha=0.5, \beta=1.8; \delta=0.2, \gamma=0$: (a)
$\mu=-1.3$; and (b) $\mu=0.3$.}
\label{aba:fig1}
\end{figure}

The following commands produce Figure 1:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=4in]{ws-procs-fig1.eps}
\caption{The bifurcating response curves of system
$\alpha=0.5, \beta=1.8; \delta=0.2, \gamma=0$: (a)
$\mu=-1.3$; and (b) $\mu=0.3$.}
\label{aba:fig1}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

Adjust the scaling of the figure until it is correctly positioned
within the left and right margins of the text.
The figure caption should appear below the figure.
All figures should be mentioned in the main text.

\section{Cross references}
Please do not use plain numbers for cross references in the text.
Every quantity to which you wish to refer
should be labeled with \verb|\label|.

Use \verb|\label| and \verb|\ref| for cross references to
figures, tables, sections, and subsections.
Use \verb|\label| and \verb|\refeq| for cross references
to equations
(this will ensure the equation number appears in parentheses,
following the style of the Proceedings).

For example:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
\mu(n, t) =
\frac{\sum\limits^\infty_{i=1}1 (d_i < t, N(d_i) = n)}
{\int\limits^t_{\sigma=0}1 (N(\sigma)=n)d\sigma}.
\label{aba:eq1}
\end{equation}
\end{verbatim}
With the instruction \verb|\refeq| one can refer to a numbered equation 
that has been labeled:
\begin{verbatim}
..., see also Eq.\ \refeq{aba:eq1}.
\end{verbatim}

The \verb|\label| instruction should be typed
immediately after but not inside the argument of
a number-generating instruction such as \verb|\section| 
or \verb|\caption|. 
For example,
\verb|\caption{Caption here.}\label{aba:fig1}|.
It should also be roughly in the position 
where the number appears, in environments
such as an equation.
Labels must be unique. 

Please use abbreviations for Equation, Section, 
Figure, and Table according to the following list.

\begin{center}{\tablefont
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\toprule
latex command & output\\\colrule
\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{In the middle of a sentence:}\\
\verb|Eq.\ \refeq{aba:eq1}| & \eref{aba:eq1}\\
\verb|Sec.\ \ref{aba:sec1}| & \sref{aba:sec1}\\
\verb|Fig.\ \ref{aba:fig1}|  & \fref{aba:fig1}\\
\verb|Table \ref{aba:tbl1}|  & \tref{aba:tbl1}\\[3pt]
\multicolumn{1}{@{}l}{At the starting of a sentence:}\\
\verb|Equation \refeq{aba:eq1}| & \Eref{aba:eq1}\\
\verb|Section \ref{aba:sec1}| & \Sref{aba:sec1}\\
\verb|Figure \ref{aba:fig1}| & \Fref{aba:fig1}\\
\verb|Table \ref{aba:tbl1}| & \Tref{aba:tbl1}\\\botrule
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}

\section{Footnotes}

Footnotes are denoted by a Roman letter superscript
in the text,\footnote{Just like this one.} 
whereas references are denoted by a number superscript (see below).
The footnote is created by typing:
\noindent 
\begin{verbatim}
... in the text,\footnote{Just like this one.} 
\end{verbatim}
Note there is no spacing between the comma and the footnote command.
Footnotes should appear numbered sequentially in superscript lowercase
Roman letters.\footnote{Footnotes should appear as 8~pt Times
Roman at the bottom of the page.}


\section{Citations}

Citations are generated as superscripts for these Proceedings. 
They should appear numbered consecutively in Arabic
numerals in the order of first appearance. 

If you normally use the method of square brackets for citations,
please check that the citation command appears {\it after}
the punctuation mark in the pdf output (this should be automatic).
Please don't leave a blank space between the punctuation mark or word
and the citation command.
For example,

(1) $\qquad$ ``$\ldots$ in the statement.\cite{datatables}''

(2) $\qquad$ ``$\ldots$ have proven\cite{datatables,randomphoton,randomnu} 
that this equation $\ldots$''

\noindent
Citations are introduced using the command `$\backslash$cite\{citationlabel\}.'
Citation labels must be unique.
For multiple citations, 
use the form \verb|\cite{cite1,cite2}| instead
of \verb|\cite{cite1}|, \verb|\cite{cite2}|.

When the citation forms part of the sentence it should not 
be superscripted. For example, 

(1) $\qquad$ ``One can deduce from Ref.\ \refcite{randomphoton} 
that $\ldots$''

(2) $\qquad$ ``See Refs.\ \refcite{datatables,randomphoton,randomnu,randombook}
for more details.'' 

\noindent
This is done using the special command 
`Ref.$\backslash$ $\backslash$refcite\{name\}.'

The bibliography at the end of this file is produced with the commands

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{thebibliography}{xx}
\bibitem{datatables}
{\it Data Tables for Lorentz and CPT Violation,}
V.A.\ Kosteleck\'y and N.\ Russell,
2022 edition,
arXiv:0801.0287v15.
\bibitem{randomphoton}
J.\ Lipa, J.A.\ Nissen, S.\ Wang, D.A.\ Stricker, and D.\ Avaloff,
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 90}, 060403 (2003);
H.\ M\"uller, S.\ Herrmann, C.\ Braxmaier,
S.\ Schiller, and A.\ Peters, 
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 91}, 020401 (2003);
P.\ Wolf, M.E.\ Tobar, S.\ Bize, A.\ Clairon,
A.N.\ Luiten, and G.\ Santarelli,
Gen.\ Rel.\ Grav.\ {\bf 36}, 2351 (2004).
\bibitem{randomnu}
MINOS Collaboration,
P.\ Adamson \etal,
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 101}, 151601 (2008);
LSND Collaboration,
L.B.\ Auerbach \etal, 
Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 72}, 076004 (2005);
J.S.\ D\'\i az \etal,
Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 80}, 076007 (2009).
\bibitem{randombook}
{\it Physics of Massive Neutrinos},
F.\ Boehm and P.\ Vogel,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}

Please note the following points:
(1) no spacing between initials,
(2) all periods within citations are followed by a backslash and space,
and all citations end with a period,
(3) the command `$\backslash$etal,' should be used 
for large numbers of authors in a citation,
(4) citations to books have the form shown,
(5) citations to articles on the arXiv have the form shown,
(6) the journal name should appear for every citation,
even when two articles in the same journal are being cited sequentially,
(7) no footnotes should appear in the citations.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
Acknowledgments to funding bodies, etc., may be placed in a separate
section at the end of the text, before the Appendices. This should not
be numbered, so use \verb|\section*{Acknowledgments}|.
Please note the correct U.S.\ spelling of the word `Acknowledgments.'

\appendix{About the appendix}

It is preferable to have no appendix in your Proceedings article, 
but if it is necessary, then please use the format

\begin{verbatim}
\appendix{About the appendix}
It is preferable...
\end{verbatim}

If more appendices are used, they should appear
numbered alphabetically. 
Note that all appendices should appear after the acknowledgments
but before the bibliography. 

\begin{thebibliography}{xx}

\bibitem{datatables}
{\it Data Tables for Lorentz and CPT Violation,}
V.A.\ Kosteleck\'y and N.\ Russell,
2025 edition,
arXiv:0801.0287v18.

\bibitem{randomphoton}
J.\ Lipa, J.A.\ Nissen, S.\ Wang, D.A.\ Stricker, and D.\ Avaloff,
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 90}, 060403 (2003);
H.\ M\"uller, S.\ Herrmann, C.\ Braxmaier,
S.\ Schiller, and A.\ Peters, 
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 91}, 020401 (2003);
P.\ Wolf, M.E.\ Tobar, S.\ Bize, A.\ Clairon,
A.N.\ Luiten, and G.\ Santarelli,
Gen.\ Rel.\ Grav.\ {\bf 36}, 2351 (2004).

\bibitem{randomnu}
MINOS Collaboration,
P.\ Adamson \etal,
Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 101}, 151601 (2008);
LSND Collaboration,
L.B.\ Auerbach \etal, 
Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 72}, 076004 (2005);
J.S.\ D\'\i az \etal,
Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 80}, 076007 (2009).

\bibitem{randombook}
F.\ Boehm and P.\ Vogel,
{\it Physics of Massive Neutrinos},
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.

\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}
